How to Train Your Pet

Have you ever wondered how the animals you see on TV and in movies are trained to perform such amazing tricks? Many of their trainers use a technique based on the teaching methods developed by behavioral psychologists such as BF Skinner. Skinner studied techniques for reinforcing desired behavior in animals. Animals can be taught many sophisticated tricks using Skinner’s technique. If you want your pet to do a trick, you must understand the technique psychologists call â€Å"shaping.† Shaping means reinforcing, or strengthening behaviors that you want to encourage. Begin by making some decisions. First of all, you need to choose your subject. You can pick any household pet, such as a cat, a dog, a hamster, or a bird. Suppose, for example, that you want to teach your dog a trick. The next thing to do is to choose a reward. Food is usually the easiest reward to use. Keep in mind that in order for food to be an effective reward, your dog has to be hungry. Don’t try to teach him a new trick right after he has eaten a big meal. Also, a reward is most effective when it is given at the same time that the dog performs the desired trick. Since you will not be always able to give the dog food as quickly as you would like to, you will need to develop a â€Å"conditional reinforcer.† You can do this by connecting the food to something else, such as a ringing bell. In this case, the sound of the bell makes is the conditioned reinforcer. You are now ready to begin conditioning the dog to respond to the bell. Get out about 40 small dog biscuits. Toss a few of them to your dog, one at a time, at a rate of about one or two biscuits per minute. As soon as the dog starts eating the biscuits, ring the bell and then throw him another biscuit. Wait about 30 seconds and then repeat the steps. When you ring the bell, do not make any other sounds or movements. Give the food only when the dog is standing in the place where he got the food. When your dog reaches the point where he goes to the food place whenever you ring the bell, you are ready to begin teaching him the trick. At this point, you need to choose the trick you want to teach. An easy trick is teaching your dog to roll over. Shape the dog’s behavior by reinforcing anything that resembles the behavior you are trying to teach. Begin by reinforcing any attempt to lie down. Then reinforce any movement of his body when he is lying down. Every time you reinforce any of his behaviors that resembles rolling over, immediately give him a biscuit and ring the bell. In this way, he will begin to associate the sound of the bell with the trick. Continue reinforcing closer approximations of rolling over with the biscuits and the bell. During the teaching session, do not touch the dog, talk to him, or in any way distract him. A normal dog, according to Skinner, will learn the trick within 5 minutes. As you can see, it is really not difficult to train your pet to do a trick. It is only a matter of little time and some effort. Once you have established a conditioned reinforce, you can easily teach your dog a new trick by shaping his behavior. However, if you want to teach your dog another trick, you must eliminate the first behavior by no longer reinforcing it. Eventually, he will stop rolling over and will be ready to learn something new.

Pretrial Process

PRETRIAL PROCESS This outline is to show the Pretrial process. Above all else we need to be aware of the suspects Sixth Amendment rights. The right to a lawyer- This right is given to all. This is a guided hand for the defendant. Prosecutions decision to charge After arrest the government has the decision on whether to file charges or not. If they decide to charge then they will file an indictment, Based on the facts. Reviewing the charges Once the indictment is filed in the lower courts then a judge has to decide if there is enough legal evidence for probable cause. If so, then the judge schedules for a first appearance.First court appearance Where the judge reads the charges to the defendant Advises the defendant of certain rights they have Lawyer or Public defender if indigent Sets bail Bail Normally cash or bond If set too high then detention until trial Grand Jury Review Charges, evidence, and testimony goes before the grand jury Preliminary Hearing Both prosecution and defendan t present their cases to the judge to again see if there is enough evidence for trial The defendant has the chance to challenge the prosecution’s evidence Judge then decides again if there is enough evidence for trial Pretrial motionsMotions of Discovery Motion to suppress Jury selection 64 people become possible jurors Prosecution and defense make their preemptory challenges For 8 rounds each till down to 12 jurors and 4 alternates Trial commences Direct examination, cross examination, witnesses heard, evidence entered, closing arguments Jury Instruction Judge tells the jury what they are allowed to consider and what charges they are deciding on Must be beyond a reasonable doubt.

After the Sirens

As soon as the radio is switched on it is described as screaming and it startles the man. He also recognized the radio announcers voice but it this was the first time his voice did not sound upbeat and happy as it usually was during his morning show. The author also describes his voice as Cracking with hysteria (Hood, pig. 161) which clearly sets the mood in the story. The way his voice is described stresses the role that the announcer plays in this story.The radio announcer uses repetition right from the beginning of the story and creates suspense, when he repeats This not an pig. 160) three times. He also repeats This Is an air raid pig. 160) twice right after the radio Is turned on. He continues with the count down right until ten seconds before the bomb hit. The radio announcer sets this man Into action to save himself and his family. The man responds Immediately by telling his wife not to ask questions and to dress her self and the baby In many layers of heavy clothing.While she Is doing that he gathers up food, Hater. Canned goods and two can openers. The radio announcer also helps the man to decide where they should take cover in the house because he reported the target and the man knew where the blast would be coming from. The radio announcer helped them survive. I was captured immediately by his voice and was taken on a Lorene of anticipation and suspense.

Manage Personal Work Priorities and Professional Development Essay

Manage Personal Work Priorities and Professional Development - Essay Example As such it is an important unit for most managers, particularly as managers serve as role models and have a significant influence on the work culture and patterns of behaviour. Elements of Competency Unit code: BSBWOR501A: Unit title: Manage Personal Work Priorities and Professional Development Element Performance Criteria 1. Establish personal work goals 1.1 Serve as a positive role model in the workplace through personal work planning and organisation 1.2 Ensure personal work goals, plans and activities reflect the organisation's plans, and own responsibilities and accountabilities 1.3 Measure and maintain personal performance in varying work conditions, work contexts and contingencies 2. Set and meet own work priorities 2.1 Take initiative to prioritise and facilitate competing demands to achieve personal, team and organisational goals and objectives 2.2 Use technology efficiently and effectively to manage work priorities and commitments 2.3 Maintain appropriate work-life balance, and ensure stress is effectively managed and health is attended to 3. Develop and maintain professional competence 3.1 Assess personal knowledge and skills against competency standards to determine development needs, priorities and plans 3.2 Seek feedback from employees, clients and colleagues and use this feedback to identify and develop ways to improve competence 3.3 Identify, evaluate, select and use development opportunities suitable to personal learning style/s to develop competence 3.4 Undertake participation in networks to enhance personal knowledge, skills and work relationships 3.5 Identify and develop new skills to achieve and maintain a competitive edge Skills and Knowledge Required skills communication skills to receive, analyse and report on feedback literacy skills to interpret written and verbal information about workplace requirements organisational skills to set and achieve priorities. Required knowledge principles and techniques involved in the management and orga nisation of: performance measurement personal behaviour, self-awareness and personality traits identification personal development plan personal goal setting time management management development opportunities and options for self organisation's policies, plans and procedures types of learning style/s and how they relate to the individual types of work methods and practices that can improve personal performance. Range statement The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. Own responsibilities and accountabilities may include: expectations of workplace performance as expres sed in a performance plan outputs as expressed in position descriptions or duty statements statement of conduct outlining an individual's responsibilities/actions/performance Technology may include: computerised systems and software, databases, project management and word processing electronic diary personal digital assistant (PDA) Competency standards

The Rise of Big Business in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Rise of Big Business in America - Essay Example As a means of understanding this dynamic and mutually exclusive relationship that existed between ruthless, exploitative, and unreasonably competitive business practices, the following analysis will engage the reader in helping to understand how the approaches that these industrialists engaged was represented in so many of the business decisions that they made on a nearly daily basis. Taking Andrew Carnegie as an example, it must be understood that Carnegie realized that efficiency and pushing the resources under his disposal to the ultimate maximum was one of the most effective means of attaining the desired result. Embracing the model he had learned from his earlier career at the railroad, the textbook has the following to say concerning Carnegie’s approach: â€Å"He applied to steel production the management lessons he learned from the railroad, embracing the latest technological innovations while pushing his managers relentlessly to cut costs so he could charge less than his competitors and gobble up the steel market for himself.† (Mooney 33 – emphasis provided). ... ative of the way in which Carnegie pressured his employees, it must also be understood that a relentless drive to defeat all competitors was also a hallmark of Carnegie’s approach. Says the textbook, â€Å"After failing to fix prices through informal ‘pools’, he pressed his competitors into an "alliance" under his influence that set price and production schedules and made joint shipping and purchasing arrangements† (Mooney, 36). Once again, the sheer determination and obstinacy that Carnegie approached the business world with proves that his drive for profits and demand for further efficiency would ultimately stop at nothing towards achieving this goal. In such a way, it can obviously be understood why Carnegie’s motto was, â€Å"Cut the prices; scoop the market,; run the mills full† (Cherny PAGE NUMBER). Yet, it must not be understood that Carnegie alone should stand as the gold standard of how management and industrialism took place during t his period. Perhaps the best known industrialist is that of John D. Rockefeller. Whereas Carnegie may have come across as obstinate, cut-throat, and demanding, the sheer drive and levels of manipulation that Rockefeller engendered ultimately put Carnegie to shame. One of the ways in which this was effected was with regards to the fact that Rockefeller would use strong armed tactics in order to maximize profitability and ultimately ensure a monopoly. For instance, Rockefeller engaged directly with the shippers of a specific product; ensuring that it could not reach the market in time. Such an underhanded tactic ensured that Rockefeller’s different industries could then provide the given product to the customer whereas the other supplier/producer could not. (Tarbell PAGE NUMBER). Yet, it must not be understood that

MPLS Protocol Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MPLS Protocol - Research Paper Example The current version could hold around four billion connections and since in last few years the technological advancements have brought about more devices and connections all over, for this reason IPv6 was worked out in last few years. Internet Engineering Task Force (I.E.T.F) is the entity that defines new protocol standards and hence is responsible for ensuring the new version fulfils the demands by equipping the new version with all the essentials. While the previous version was brought into practical use, little or no consideration was given to the space, and security, and it was believed that around 4 billion address spaces would be sufficient for generations, however with time those addresses ran short, and security became a more serious issue with all types of malwares, and other insurgent forces that came to the world of internet communication.(Kahng et al 2004) The need for a larger network system was felt due to the depletion of I.P address spaces and since about 2 billion p eople across the globe use internet in form of tablets, p.d.a ,smart phones, internet is part of every cafe, airport, office, educational institute , for this purpose a network was needed that could accommodate large number of upcoming connections. IP v4 provided a 32 bit address space.IPv6 users are likely to have faster connectivity. It is gaining popularity with time and need is being felt in Asia and Europe for its implementation on full scale.(Mun,young Song et al, 2005) .Internet protocol version 6 is a network layer protocol of the O.S.I model; it is termed as the next generation internet protocol, which is a new version of I.P, successor to IPv4.The main aim has been to bring about improvement and advancements in the existing version. The overall design is an improved one. The large address space (128 bits) can accommodate many more number of networks, users and devices. The addresses are arranged in eight groups of four hexadecimal digits that are separated by colons. The a ddress types are either unicast which uniquely identifies an interface on IPV6 node, while a multicast is for identifying group of interfaces and Anycast is assigned to multiple interfaces on multiple hosts (Eastep et al 2009), further there are three classes of unicast interfaces that includes link local, site local and global.6 to 4 is another technical term associated with the entire concept which enables the packet transmission of IPv6 to a version 4 network. The 6 to 4 feature allows testing and experimenting the IPV6, even if the version is not provided by the Internet service provider. Global unicast network is dedicated for the 6to4 mechanism. Gateways creates interface between the two. Salient Features of IPV-6 Large address space Stateless auto configuration Quality of service capabilities Improved Security Streamlined Protocol header Mobility IPV6 is packed with large number of improvements which includes large addressing space, and hence accommodation of more users on th e network, this is followed by mobility, which enables tablets, and other handheld devices to be connected even when on the go. A salient feature of the new version is its increased security. IPSec a security protocol is made mandatory in this version while it was only optional in case of its predecessor. Hence it makes it more secure

The Baroque Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Baroque Era - Essay Example In particular, the various features of the Baroque style influenced my developing of interest in this type of art. Firstly, my interest in the style is due to its use of drama through contrasting dark-light effects in painting or film. Specifically, the drama in baroque style is full of exaggerated motion and clear details in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance, and music interesting thus explaining my choosing of the style. That, according to (Carl & Charles 9), refer to the application of tenebrism technique in artistic language as evident in the Artemisia Gentileschi’s Judith Slaying of Holofernes painting. In the painting, Judith has a sterling, broad and masculine face and physique in a fantastic way (Allen n.p). That can be construed to mean women are strong independent beings and as such the society should not view them as weak and fragile. Secondly, Baroque is interesting in that it uses direct, obvious, and dramatic iconography that intends to appeal above all to the senses and the emotions (Old Masters Society n.p.). That when put into use helps in producing a very high-contrast, dramatic atmosphere in dimly lit scenes in paintings as evident in various paintings, That, as (Carl, & Charles 3-6) contend, is evident in the use of different technique like "chiaroscuro," (interplay between light and darkness on paint portraits) as in the case of Paul Rubens’ painting, "The Massacre of the Innocents". Thirdly, the Baroque style is interesting in its description of dark.

Office Art Memo. Memorandum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Office Art Memo. Memorandum - Essay Example Through the discussion in the memo, the CEO and the Vice President have been given the overview of why these pieces have been chosen and what they represent both to the history of art and to the corporate image. Acme Garden Supplies Memo To: Crispin Maverick, CEO From: (your name) CC: Blu Callahan Vice President Date: 5/31/15 Re: Office Art I want to begin by thanking you for this opportunity to curate the art that you want to use in your office space. After considering the possible choices, I have picked one piece of art to be the centerpiece of the works you will display in the outer office area that will serve as the focal point from which all the other pieces will be put into balance. The work I have chosen is that of George Seurat, Sunday Afternoon on the Island of the Grand-Jatte (1884-1886) (Figure 1). I believe that this post-impressionism work will have the elegance that the space needs to convey a message of both beauty and color. The piece has a dignity and an understated casual nature as there is the scene of the afternoon in which 19th century formalism is combined with the relaxed pose of the characters. The colors pick up the blue of the office decor, while introducing warm tones to complement and enhance the decor. As one looks at the Seurat, the pointillism with which it was created is subtle, and yet engaging. The painstaking detail of applying paint in small dots in order to create the impression of life creates a number of references to our business that can be further explored in the other pieces that are chosen. The pointillism, the gathering of the many people in the piece, and the natural environment of the setting all suggest a blanket of flowers, reflecting the nature of the company. The two pieces that will hang side by side behind the chairs to the left of the wall in which the Seurat will hang are Vincent van Gogh’s post-impressionism work Sunflowers (1888) (See Figure 2) and his work Flowers in Blue Vase (1887) (See Figure 3 ). The Seurat will be large scale, filling the space above the chairs, with the two Van Gogh’s scaled down to equal the same width with a generous space between them, but a reduction in the height so that they will be centered to compliment the Seurat. We will work with our supplier to get exact measurements in order to be cost efficient, but still meet the needs of the design of the space. In the offices of Crispin Maverick and Blu Callahan will be impressionist pieces that will complement the works in the outer office. The first piece that will be in Mr. Maverick’s office will be Gustave Caillebotte’s Jour de Pluie a Paris (1877) (See Figure 4). This piece will offer a sense of stateliness to the office, while also conveying a sense of protection as the umbrellas within the piece cover the people, keeping the rain from their clothes. As he is the CEO of the company, his position should be one that has the appearance of control and oversight. This piece will ha ve a large scale and hang to the left of his desk on a wall of deep burgundy over the black leather sofa that is already in the larger office space. In the office of Blu Callahan will hang two pieces of smaller scale, but that complement the scale of the Caillebotte that hangs in Mr. Maverick’

Analysis of Media Relations Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Media Relations - Literature review Example As the day unfolded and more was learned, different angles began to emerge as the media competed for the best and most relevant information. All three online editions of these papers, after publishing the details and timelines, next mentioned the whereabouts of and statements of PM Tony Blair, who was at a G8 summit: 'The Prime minister Tony Blair said before leaving the G8 summit "It is particularly barbaric that this has happened on a day when people are meeting to try to help the problems of poverty in Africa and the long term problems of climate change and the environment"' (The Independent, 7 July 2005). An interview with Mr. Jack Straw informed us that the 'blasts, which bore some resemblance to the Madrid train bombings in March 2004, had the "hallmarks of an Al-Qaida related attack"' (Sarah Left, Mark Oliver, and agencies, Guardian, 7/7/05. 22.45 update). Amongst reports of the bombings came scattered news of the G8 summit and whether or not Mr. Blair would return to London. This was the common thread through all of the media research, first the reports of the bombings, then the estimated number of deaths followed by estimations of injuries and next to the focus on Mr. Blair. Throughout the day of 7 July 2005, local newspapers continued with a stream of updated information, mostly con... ut this event held more horror because of the sequence of the four bombings occurring so closely, reminding Londoners and even visiting Americans of the 11 September 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center. When a threat such as this occurs, it is critical that the people in the immediate area are informed of what is happening and what they should do. In this case, especially in the tube bombings, there was no one in the moments following the explosions. People had to take it upon themselves to escape the danger zone and find out what was happening. At the same time, people who have access to on-demand news want to know the very same things, for different reasons. This is where the media are responsible for both the qualitative and quantitative content of their reports, On a day such as this, however, any news seemed worthy of being reported, with the purpose of bringing the public out of panic or shock then posting emergency telephone numbers and searching for the reassurance that the authorities were doing everything they could. Â  

EUROPEAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

EUROPEAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT - Essay Example But the relationship between the trade activities and economic development is more complex than it seems because it can’t be said for sure that improved trade activities will definitely lead to economic growth of the nation, although there are numerous evidences which support the nexus between economic development and prosperity and improved business activities. An open economy supports the relationship between economic growth and improved trade activities (Europa-a, n.d.). All of the members of the Europe Union were aware of the relationship between economic growth and trade activities as they were benefited from the free trade affairs between the EU nations which not only supported their trade activities but also enhanced their economic growth. Since the initiation of the integration process, European nations have maintained their enlargement policy which significantly impacted the economic conditions of the member nations. It was also perceived that in the near future whate ver changes are introduced in the EU regulations and policies, it’s going to have a direct impact on the economic and trade performances of the current and upcoming members of the Europe Union. From the primal stages of development of European Union as Single Market, the intra industrial trade activities have remained prominent. This has supported the new members to adhere themselves to the community by making minor adjustments in their overall industrial structure (Frias & Iglesias, 2004, p.55). The integration process of European nations had started during 1940s and has developed significantly since then. However, several events have interrupted their process of integration. Such phases are popularly known as the phases of crises and scarcity of economic resources resulting from events of wars and economic turmoil. These unstable conditions lead to changes in the policies of EU which was tailored to resist the consequences. Considering these

Abraham Lincoln Essay Example for Free

Abraham Lincoln Essay According to Abraham Lincoln, â€Å"Your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other thing. † (Mills 3). I was inspired by this quote that speaks of success, which I will describe as a golden star that everyone wants to reach. This quote is similar to most of the leadership quotes because it speaks of ways to reach success, but, this quote is special in a way that it could be related to the self-fulfilling prophecy. Simply put, the main road to success is the â€Å"will to succeed. † I’m sure each of us has experienced actually failing a task whenever our mind is embedded with the phrase: â€Å"I can’t do this! † If you believe that you will be successful in any endeavor you want to take, then, you have taken the first step to becoming a person who is the â€Å"king or queen of success. † I myself have noticed that whenever I put into mind that I will â€Å"win,† the outcome turns out to be truly positive. This essay can help readers realize that their goals can be achieved by first believing in themselves. If a person always expects that he/she will succeed in something specific, then his/her expectations will most probably turn into a reality as what the so-called â€Å"self-fulfilling prophecy† suggests. Rosenthal, in his book: â€Å"Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research,† said: â€Å"Events tend to turn out as one has hypothesized, not because of some great insight but because one behaves in a manner to achieve this outcome. † Believing in this theory would mean that we would have to love ourselves more, believe that we have what it takes to win in this â€Å"game† called life, and, at the same time, because of our mind set, act in such a way that enables us to achieve our dreams. Bear in Mind: Success is in your hands, just believe! Works Cited Mills, Dawson A. â€Å"Continuing Education Offerings Abound. † The Virginian-Pilot [Virginia] 28 January 1996:3. Rosenthal, Robert. Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966.

Charlie and the Choclate Factory Essay Example for Free

Charlie and the Choclate Factory Essay Despite the fact these were produced 34 years apart, there are many striking similarities. Of course, there are also many differences, which a viewer would expect in films that were done so far apart. Although these films were done three decades apart, the formula of the fantasy genre has not changed much over the course of the decades. The most obvious similarity in the genre is the general audience who will view these movies. The general theory of the fantasy genre is to create an imaginary world, which viewers can get immersed in to give them a break from reality. In this regard, both films succeeded wonderfully. On the flip side, the major difference in the genre is the scope of the imaginary world that can be created. In Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, the filmmakers were limited by having to create their imaginary world in a real world space. In 1971, filmmakers didn’t have the ability to create an unlimited virtual world like modern day fantasy filmmakers have, so the grandeur of the world that can be created now is very different. While the formula of the fantasy genre hasn’t changed a great deal, the social context of the time periods these films were made in has. For example, Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory puts a greater emphasis on the disparity between social classes, which was a major aspect of the 1970’s. The movie also focuses on proper behavior, being appreciative of what you have, acceptable societal behavior, and morals. In comparison, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was created during a time period when society places more emphasis on entertainment value in movies, instead of using them as a tool to express and teach acceptable societal behaviors. The remake also doesn’t focus as heavily on the difference between social classes, as the social classes have been blurred in today’s society, and aren’t as well defined as they were in the 1970’s. Oftentimes, remakes deviate from what was done in the original movie. This is done for many reasons, but may actually hurt the remake. That is not the case with the editing style of these films, as the editing style of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory had a significant impact on the editing style of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. The editing style and importance of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, directed by Mel Stuart, made it become one of the mo Read Full Essay Join Now! Get instant access to over 50,000 Papers and Essays Join OtherPapers. com Similar Essays Charlie And The Chocolate Factory Rogers Chocolates Case Study (Internal/External Analysis) The House Of Spirits And Like Water For Chocolate, Respectively. Loss Of Innocence And The Corruption Of Man Are A Couple Of The Most Significant Themes Found In Both Books. These Themes Are Shown In The Characters Of The Book After What Really Makes Factories Flexible? Ethels Chocolate Lounge Chocolate Truffles I Like Chocolate Milk Rogers Chocolate Chocolate Case Testing To Find How Much Protein Is In 1% Chocolate Milk Versus 2% White Milk SWOT Analysis For Custom Coffee ; Chocolate Chocolate Case Factory Farming And Diabetes Like Water For Chocolate Analysis Donate paper | Join now! | Login | Support  © 2010 — 2011 OtherPapers. com OtherPapers. com High-quality Essays, Term Papers and Research Papers Access over 50. 000 Essays and Papers Get Better Grades! Sign up for your FREE account. There are ABSOLUTELY no membership fees at OtherPapers. om. For our free membership, please upload one paper to the site. Your account will be activated immediately! Prepare Your Document Title: Category: Select One American HistoryBiographiesBusinessEnglishHistory OtherLiteratureMiscellaneousMusic and MoviesPhilosophyPsychologyReligionScienceSocial IssuesTechnology Copy paste paper: Use this method if youd prefer to copy and paste your paper into a for m. Join now! Login Support Other Term Papers and Free Essays Browse Papers Music and Movies / Charlie And The Chocolate Factory Vs. Willy Wonka And The Chocolate Factory Charlie And The Chocolate Factory Vs. Willy Wonka And The Chocolate Factory Research Paper Charlie And The Chocolate Factory Vs. Willy Wonka And The Chocolate Factory and over other 20 000+ free term papers, essays and research papers examples are available on the website! Autor: people 30 June 2012 Tags: Words: 1820 | Pages: 8 Views: 57 Read Full Essay Join Now! Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005) is a remake of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (1971). Despite the fact these were produced 34 years apart, there are many striking similarities. Of course, there are also many differences, which a viewer would expect in films that were done so far apart. Although these films were done three decades apart, the formula of the fantasy genre has not changed much over the course of the decades. The most obvious similarity in the genre is the general audience who will view these movies. The general theory of the fantasy genre is to create an imaginary world, which viewers can get immersed in to give them a break from reality. In this regard, both films succeeded wonderfully. On the flip side, the major difference in the genre is the scope of the imaginary world that can be created. In Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, the filmmakers were limited by having to create their imaginary world in a real world space. In 1971, filmmakers didn’t have the ability to create an unlimited virtual world like modern day fantasy filmmakers have, so the grandeur of the world that can be created now is very different. While the formula of the fantasy genre hasn’t changed a great deal, the social context of the time periods these films were made in has. For example, Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory puts a greater emphasis on the disparity between social classes, which was a major aspect of the 1970’s. The movie also focuses on proper behavior, being appreciative of what you have, acceptable societal behavior, and morals. In comparison, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was created during a time period when society places more emphasis on entertainment value in movies, instead of using them as a tool to express and teach acceptable societal behaviors. The remake also doesn’t focus as heavily on the difference between social classes, as the social classes have been blurred in today’s society, and aren’t as well defined as they were in the 1970’s. Oftentimes, remakes deviate from what was done in the original movie. This is done for many reasons, but may actually hurt the remake. That is not the case with the editing style of these films, as the editing style of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory had a significant impact on the editing style of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. The editing style and importance of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, directed by Mel Stuart, made it become one of the mo Read Full Essay Join Now! Get instant access to over 50,000 Papers and Essays Join OtherPapers. com Similar Essays Charlie And The Chocolate Factory Rogers Chocolates Case Study (Internal/External Analysis)

Economics Questions and Answers on Resources and Profit

Economics Questions and Answers on Resources and Profit Assignment Questions: Question 1: The removal of imperfections in the market leads to an increase in efficiency in the allocation of resources. Discuss whether you agree with this view (25 marks) Question 2: Explain what is meant by normal and abnormal profit and when such profits might occur (12 marks) Discuss the three reasons as to why people demand money, according to the liquidity preference theory (13 marks) Table of Contents (Jump to) Question 1: A. Allocative Efficiency and Perfectly Competitive Market B. Allocative Efficiency and Monopoly Question 2 (a): A. Perfect Competition B. Monopoly C. Monopolistic Competition Question 2 (b) A. Transaction Motive B. Precautionary Motive C. Speculative Motive Referencing List of Figures (Jump to) Figure 1: Pure Competition MSC MSB Curves Figure 2: Consumer Surplus Producer Surplus Figure 3: The short run and long run in perfect competition Figure 4: The short run and long run monopoly market Figure 5: The short run and long run monopolistic competition Figure 6: Money Demand Curves (liquidity preference theory) Question 1: The removal of imperfections in the market leads to an increase in efficiency in the allocation of resources. Discuss whether you agree with this view (25 marks) A. Allocative Efficiency and Perfectly Competitive Market Allocative Efficiency occurs when it is not possible to reallocate resources in order to make someone better off without making at least another person worse off. It arises where: Marginal Social Cost (MSC) = Marginal Social Benefit (MSB). The MSC refers any extra cost to society of producing one more unit of output. The law of diminishing returns implies that MSC will be upward sloping. On the other hand, the MSB is any extra benefit to society of producing one more unit of output. The law of diminishing marginal utility implies that MSB will be downward sloping. For example: If the 20th unit of output is produced, then it costs the society $10, but yields a benefit of $20. Thus, the society’s welfare increases by $10 (i.e. MSB – MSC). Since MSB is greater than MSC, people is better off. On the contrary, it is not in the society’s interest to produce the 40th unit. In perfect competition, both consumer surplus and producer surplus is maximised (as illustrated by figure 1), where the price is equal to the marginal cost. The consumer surplus is the total net benefit enjoyed by all consumers buying the product. For instance, a consumer paying $20 for a product whose market price is $15; thus enjoying the benefit of $5 ($20 $15 = $5). Producer surplus is the difference between the market price the producer receives and the marginal cost of producing this unit. Demand curves measure the maximum price that consumers are willing to pay for a given quantity of a good. Hence, the demand curve is a measure of marginal benefit (or marginal utility) to the consumer. Therefore, in absence of externalities, MSB = D = P. In perfectly competitive market, the supply curve is a measure of the marginal cost in the industry. In the absence of externalities, MSC = S = MC. Therefore, an efficient allocation of resources under perfect competition happens when price equals to marginal cost, i.e. P = MC, in the short and long run. B. Allocative Efficiency and Monopoly Monopoly market structure is one of the major sources of market imperfections. A monopoly is having one firm producing and selling a product with the existence of barriers to entry. A monopolist is a price taker. The monopolist can set the price or the output, but not both. They can even earn abnormal profits at the expense of efficiency and welfare of consumer and society. Since price is higher than marginal cost, this will lead to a loss of allocative efficiency and a failure of the market. In fact, the monopolist is extracting a price from consumer that is higher than the cost of resources required. Thus, at price Pm, the monopolist is charging a higher price and restricting output to Qm, whereby capturing a portion of the consumer surplus. Under monopoly, there is a portion (triangle ABC) where both the consumer surplus and producer surplus are recovered. This is known as â€Å"deadweight loss†. Figure 2: Consumer Surplus Producer Surplus Imperfections in the market leads to misallocation and underutilisation of resources and reduction in consumer surplus since price is greater than marginal cost, i.e. P > MC. But imperfections in market do have some benefits such as: Monopolist are supplying products on a very large scale, thus they may be in a better place to exploit increasing returns to scale leading to a fall in average total costs of production. This reduction in costs will lead to an increase in monopoly profits, but some gains in productive efficiency may pass onto consumer in the form of lower prices. Earning abnormal profits in the long run may lead to faster rate of technological development thereby reducing costs and producing of better quality. Supernormal profits may be used to invest in research and development programmes that have the potential to bring dynamic efficiency gains to consumers in the markets. Question 2 (a): Explain what is meant by normal and abnormal profit and when such profits might occur? (12 marks) Normal profit is the minimum level of profit that a company needs to remain competitive in the market. If firms in an industry are making normal profit, then there is no reasons for them to leave or for other firms to join the industry. Normal profit occurs when revenue equals cost. Abnormal profit (or super normal profit) is profit in excess of normal profit. If firms in an industry are making abnormal profit, then there is a reason for other firms to join the industry if they can. Abnormal profit occurs when the revenue is greater than the costs. A. Perfect Competition In the short run, firms can make abnormal profits or losses, whereas they can only make normal profits in the long run, as illustrated below: Figure 3: The short run and long run in perfect competition B. Monopoly Monopolies can earn abnormal profits in the short run and in the long run due to the existence of strong barriers to entry. Figure 4: The short run and long run monopoly market C. Monopolistic Competition Monopolistic competition involves many sellers with differentiated products, e.g. shoe producers or restaurants. In the short run, firms can make abnormal profit whereas in the long run, other firms will be attracted by the abnormal profits causing firms’ demand to fall until only normal profits are made. Figure 5: The short run and long run monopolistic competition As a conclusion, if firms are making abnormal profits, other firms will be attracted by such profit, and will try to enter that particular market to reap some of that profits. As a result, firms in perfectly competitive market and monopolistic competitive market will enjoy normal profit with the entrance of new firms in the long run. On the other hand, firms in monopoly market will enjoy abnormal profits both in the short run and in the long run due to the existence of strong barriers to entry. Question 2 (b) Discuss the three reasons as to why people demand money, according to the liquidity preference theory (13 marks) According to Keynes’ Liquidity Preference theory, people demand moneyand hold their wealth in monetary form because of the following three main reasons: A. Transaction Motive Day-to-day transactions are performed by both individuals and firms. An individual person holds cash in order to meet his/her daily expenditures. Business holds cash to meet its current needs such as payments of raw materials, etc†¦ Therefore, we can say that money needed by consumers, businessmen and others, is known as the demand for money for transactions motive. This demand depends upon the following: Size of the income: If income is high, more will be available for daily transactions and vice versa. Time gap between receipts of income: If a person gets his pay daily, he/she will demand less cash and vice versa. Spending habit: If a person is spent a lot, he/she will do more transactions and thus will demand more money. B. Precautionary Motive Precautionary motive for holding money refers to the desire to hold cash for unforeseen contingencies such as illness, accidents, unemployment, etc Business keeps cash reserve to safeguard their future. This type of demand for liquidity is called demand for precautionary motive. This demand depends upon many factors: Size of the income: If a person earns a high income, he/she will demand more money for safeguarding his future. Nature of the person: Some persons are optimistic, i.e. they anticipate less of future risk and danger, and hence they will demand less money for precautionary motive. On the other hand, pessimistic persons foresee dangers, calamities, and emergencies in the future, and hence, they want to have more cash with them. Farsightedness: They are persons who can proper guess of the future, and thus they will keep more money (in cash) with then in case of more emergencies expectation and vice versa. C. Speculative Motive The speculative motive relates to the desire to hold cash and take advantage of future changes in the rate of interest or bond prices. For instance, if the price of bond is expected to rise, meaning the rate of interest is expected to fall, then people will buy bonds and sell later when the price rises, and vice versa. According to Keynes, â€Å"the higher the rate of interest, the lower the speculative demand for money and vice versa†. Figure 6: Money Demand Curves (liquidity preference theory) Keynes hold that the transaction and precautionary motives are completely interest inelastic, whereas the speculative demand for money is a smooth curve which slopes downward from left to right, as illustrated in above figure. References GILLESPIE, A (2001) Advanced Economics through Diagrams. [Online] 2nd Ed.  UK: Oxford University Press. Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=vR-cjX2e-bkCpg=PA33dq=normal+and+abnormal+profithl=ensa=Xei=Wi4EVfKiCcH5UISKhLAIved=0CBMQ6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=false  [Accessed: 14th March 2015] ECONOMICS ONLINE (2015) Barriers to entry [Online] Available from:  http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Business_economics/Barriers_to_entry.html  [Accessed: 14th March 2015] ECONOMICS.HELP (2012) Barriers to entry [Online] Available from:  http://www.economicshelp.org/microessays/markets/barriers-entry/  [Accessed: 14th March 2015] GOVT. T.ROMANA COLLEGE Keynes’ Liquidity Preference Theory of Interest [Online] Available from: http://www.trcollege.net/study-material/24-economics/40-keynes-liquidity-preference-theory-of-interest [Accessed: 17th March 2015] INVESTOPEDIA (2015) Liquidity Preference Theory [Online] Available from:  http://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liquiditypreference.asp [Accessed: 17th March 2015] ECONOMICS ONLINE (2015) Money and Monetary theory [Online] Available from:  http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Global_economics/Money_and_monetary_theory.html [Accessed: 17th March 2015] TUTORS2U.COM Liquidity Preference Theory [Online] Available from:  http://www.tutors2u.com/rte/File/Economics/LIQUIDITY PREFERENCE THEORY.pdf [Accessed: 17th March 2015] MOSCHANDREAS Maria (2000), Business Economics.  Cengage Learning EMEA HOAG, Arleen J. and HOAG John H. (2006) Introductory Economics [Online]  World Scientific. Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=-2AcaoqC-28Cdq=efficient+allocation+of+resources+in+perfect+competition+market+and+monopolysource=gbs_navlinks_s  [Accessed: 1st April 2015] SEXTON Robert (2015) Exploring Economics [Online] 7th Ed.  Cengage Learning. Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=YDdBBAAAQBAJdq=efficient+allocation+of+resources+in+perfect+marketsource=gbs_navlinks_s  [Accessed: 1st April 2015] MANKIW N. (2014) Principles of Economics [Online] 7th Ed.  Cengage Learning. Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=K-jKAgAAQBAJdq=efficient+allocation+of+resources+in+perfect+marketsource=gbs_navlinks_s [Accessed: 1st April 2015] BAUMOL W. and BLINDER A. (2015) Microeconomics: Principles and Policy [Online] 13th Ed. Cengage Learning. Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=XwW0BAAAQBAJdq=efficient+allocation+of+resources+in+monopolysource=gbs_navlinks_s  [Accessed: 1st April 2015] TUTORS ON NET (2007-2014) Resource Allocation under Monopoly [Online]. Available from: http://www.tutorsonnet.com/monopoly-resource-allocation-homework-help.php  [Accessed: 1st April 2015] BYU IDAHO Economic Principles and Problems – Micro [Online]  Available from: https://courses.byui.edu/econ_150/econ_150_old_site/lesson_08.htm  [Accessed: 1st April 2015] KIRZNER Israel M. (2007) Market Theory and the Price System [Online]  Ludwig von Mises Institute. Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=h68AKS010W0Cdq=efficient+allocation+of+resources+in+monopolysource=gbs_navlinks_s [Accessed: 1st April 2015] OHRI VK and JAIN TR, Principles of Microeconomics [Online]  FK Publications. Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=geSOZshzNt0Cdq=efficient+allocation+of+resources+in+perfect+competition+market+and+monopolysource=gbs_navlinks_s  [Accessed: 1st April 2015] LIPSEY Richard G. and HARBURY Colin (1992) First Principles of Economics [Online]  Oxford University Press. Available from: https://books.google.mu/books?id=cV0EZuJxod8Cdq=efficient+allocation+of+resources+in+perfect+competition+market+and+monopolysource=gbs_navlinks_s  [Accessed: 1st April 2015]  MISSOURISTATE.EDU Monopoly and Perfect Competition Compared [Online] Available from: http://courses.missouristate.edu/ReedOlsen/courses/eco165/Notes/pc-m.htm  [Accessed: 1st April 2015] ECONOMICS.HELP (2012) Diagram of Monopoly [Online] Available from: http://www.economicshelp.org/microessays/markets/monopoly-diagram/  [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] TUTOR2U Potential benefits from monopoly [Online] Available from: http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/monopoly/benefits_of_monopoly.htm  [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] ECONOMICS.HELP (2012) Advantages of Monopoly [Online] Available from: http://www.economicshelp.org/microessays/markets/advantages-monopoly/  [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] TUTOR2U (2004) Perfect Competition [Online] Available from: http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/revision_focus_2004/A2_Perfect_Competition.pdf  [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] TRIPLE A LEARNING Efficient Allocation of resources [Online] Available from: http://www.sanandres.esc.edu.ar/secondary/economics packs/microeconomics/page_117.htm [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] TUTOR2U (2012) Perfect Competition – Economics of Competitive Markets [Online] Available from: http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/a2-micro-perfect-competition.html [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] TUTOR2U (2012) Monopoly Economic Efficiency [Online] Available from: http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/a2-micro-monopoly-economic-efficiency.html [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] YOUR ARTICLE LIBRARY.COM (2015) Resource Allocation: it’s Meaning, Monopolistic, Oligopoly Competition and Resource Allocation [Online]. Available from: http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/economics/resource-allocation-its-meaning-monopolistic-oligopoly-competition-and-resource-allocation/28945/ [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] YOUR ARTICLE LIBRARY.COM (2015) The Demand for Money: The Classical and the Keynesian Approach Towards Money [Online]. Available from: http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/economics/money/the-demand-for-money-the-classical-and-the-keynesian-approach-towards-money/10987/ [Accessed: 2nd April 2015] EXPERTSMIND.COM (2012) Keynes Interest Theory [Online] Available from: http://blog.expertsmind.com/2012/03/ [Accessed: 2nd April 2015]

Emily Bronte Essay -- essays papers

Emily Bronte Emily Bronte was one of three sisters who became famous novelists. Emily's only novel is Wuthering Heights, which was published in December of 1847. Emily was from the Yorkshire village of Haworth. Emily was born on July 30, 1818 to Reverend Patrick Bront? and Marie Branwell Bront?. She was the fifth child of six. The village of Haworth was very isolated. Two years after they moved to Haworth, Mrs. Bront? died of cancer. In 1824 the four eldest girls were sent to Cowan Bridge School, a school for the daughters of improvised clergymen. The conditions there were very unhealthy, and as a result Emily's eldest sisters, Maria and Elizabeth died and Charlotte became very ill. Mr. Bront? had Charlotte and Emily brought home. As children Charlotte, Emily, Branwell, and Anne w...

Brave New World Essay -- Literary Analysis

Aldous Huxley’s passage narrating a fertility rite conveys his reverence and awe for both the ritual and the people of the Old World. Huxley’s passionate imagery is aided by inspired diction and precise narrative pacing to evoke the excitement and sanctity of the affair. Through his voice comes realization of the ritual as genuine and crucial to a culture; this is in stark contrast to the baseless practice of the Solidarity Service held in the New World. The imagery in the passage is focused upon the participation of the people in the fertility ritual – its effect portrays a ceremony of the utmost sacredness. In his opening, Huxley pictures, â€Å"hundreds of male voices crying out fiercely†¦then again the drums; and once more the men’s deep savage affirmation of their manhood.†The onset of the ritual presents the yelling of the people and the beat of drums – Huxley’s language enlivens the mood of the rite and of the people. As the ritual continues, Huxley introduces masked men, singing, and dancing to which he comments, â€Å"women had shrieked†¦as though they were being killed.† The excitement of the ritual rises to the point of deathly outbursts and the people are impassioned with fervor. What follows is a plethora of spiritual and animalistic symbolism: snakes are thrown amongst the people and covered in â€Å"corn meal†, performers appear from the â€Å"underworld,â₠¬  and dance and sing, decorated in masks of eagles and coyotes, and a man â€Å"nailed to a cross† and an old man with the â€Å"sign of the cross† make appearance. The goal of the ritual is fertility of the land, and so the people must connect with nature to ensure the welfare of their environment. They call upon animals and imitate their visage, and pay homage to pagan and Christian faith w... ...th the intensity of the ritual and his admiring impressions. Huxley makes his awed reaction to the ritual apparent in his use of imagery, diction, and pacing. The overwhelming excitement and the appreciation of mood inherit in his words illustrate the importance of fertility rights to the people of the Old World and their fanatical execution of the ritual – Huxley is in short moved by the act. Compared to the New World, whose ritual is largely an erotic hoax, The Old World’s tradition is remarkable and invigorating. The deadened machines of the New World are made even more apparent when contrasted with the vital souls of the people of the Old World in revitalizing their beloved land. More abstractly, Huxley reveres a society’s preservation of meaningful traditions and values, which inspire genuine passion in people and promote a greater social consciousness.

Hypocrites Essay -- Plagiarism Research Essays

Hypocrites In the beginning stages of this research paper, I had no clue what to write regarding the topic of plagiarism. I began my first paragraph in class just as everyone else did. Yet, I could not help but feel that this essay was going to be immensely boring if I were to continue writing on the act of plagiarism itself. My paper demanded the extra spark that would capture my audience in order to make them feel privileged to read my astounding research paper. So I became determined to start my research before my introduction paragraph. I knew so little about plagiarism that I had to start researching immediately. I was undeniably bored when I began a fun search and stumbled upon multiple articles of preachers and pastors who have been accused or even charged with stealing other pastors sermons. Sometimes, the thieves went as far as cutting and pasting the sermon or article directly to their own sermons. Now, borrowing or stealing has been on every persons thoughts ever since written language came into existence Plagiarism has been present in our history for numerous years. However, plagiarism had not been a vast issue among many people until the human race decided to claim copyrights of their own ideas. I am sure, however, that someone else probably thought the exact same idea before that person or at the same time s/he did, but did not get the opportunity to copyright the idea. The pursuance of ones ideas has become a mad rush to claim the idea on paper and send it to a copyright/patent office as soon as possible. The process of stealing ones ideas goes as far back as written language and then even farther. Peter W. Morgan, owner of The Idler: A Web Periodical, wrote, even before the development of written langu... ... Capeloto, Alexa. Rectors ethics are questioned. Detroit Free Press 01 March 2002 http://www.freep.com/news/ locoak/church1_20020301.htm(01 Dec. 2003) Mattingly, Terry. Plagiarism and the pulpit. Terry Mattingly on Religion http://tmatt.gospelcom.net/ column/2003/06/25/(01 Dec. 2003) Reynolds, Glenn H., Peter W. Morgan. Chapter Five: A Plague of Originality The Idler: A Web Periodical: 23 Jan. 2002. http://www.the-idler.com/ (01 Dec. 2003) Smith, Peter. Plagiarism in the pulpit not new, but Internet makes it easier to do, and catch. The Courier-Journal 21 July 2002. http://www.courierjournal.com/localnews/2002/07/21/ke072102s245442.htm (01 Dec. 2003) The Student Bible, New International Version. Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, 1996. Twister. Dir. Jan de Bont. Per. Helen Hunt and Bill Paxton. Warner Brothers and Universal Pictures, 1996.

Introduction to the Study of Literature Essay

Rite of Passage is a poem written by the multi-awarded poetry writer Sharon Olds about a boy’s birthday party. By incorporating several literary elements, she was able to turn a simple and common theme into a more interesting one. In the first stanza of her poem, she writes â€Å"As the guests arrive at our son’s party† (line 1). From this line, one can assume that this poem is based on personal experience and she is referring to her son’s actual birthday party in the past. Thus, through this literary form, Olds retells that occasion in a more creative manner. See more: how to write an introduction paragraph for an essay Most verses in her poem are in a form of enjambment where the idea or thought in a certain line are interrupted and cut to be continued in the succeeding line: Hands in pockets, they stand around jostling, jockeying for place, small fights breaking out and calming. One says to another How old are you? —Six. —I’m seven. —So? (lines 5-8) Olds’ Rite of Passage is an embodiment of an irony, which is described as a conflict that exceeds the most ordinary and obvious connotation of words or actions. The irony of the poem is that the characters mentioned in her poem are little boys acting like brave grown-ups and pretending to be real men when they are actually playing a child’s game. Even if the little boys imagine themselves as adults, they are still perceived as children since they are engaging in an activity meant for the young of age. Walter â€Å"Walt† Whitman is an American poet who wrote the poem I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing. It is a literary art composition inspired by the combination of nature’s beauty and the melancholic emotion of loneliness due to lack of friends or loved ones. As noticed in Whitman’s poem, it is written in first person where the speaker is narrating an event when he came across an Oak tree in Louisiana. One can assume that the person narrating the poem is the writer himself, retelling a past experience and relating emotions he felt at that time when he encountered an Oak tree. It can be observed that Whitman uses personification in his poem and describes the Oak tree in a manner that, if distinguished in the real world, would be impossible or contrary to reason. He writes that the Oak tree found by the character in the poem is â€Å"uttering joyous leaves of dark green† which suggests that the tree is feeling a human emotion of happiness or joy while it lets its leaves grow from its branches. Symbolically, it means that the tree is in good condition or in excellent health which makes it produce fresh dark colored leaves.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the HPV Vaccine in Adolescent Girls: An Ethical Essay

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of more than 40 types of viruses that infect the genital areas, throats (recurrent respiratory papillomatosis), and mouths of males and females and is the number one most common sexually transmitted disease (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2009). It is spread by genital contact. It is most easily spread by vaginal and anal sex, but also through oral sex and even just genital-to-genital (skin-to-skin). In 90% of people that contract HPV, their own immune system clears it up within two years, most never even developing any symptoms from it (CDC, 2009). Out of the many types of HPV types, most end up causing warts on one of the above-mentioned areas, while a certain few are known to cause cervical cancer. Lockwood-Rayermann & McIntyre (2009) state that â€Å"[t]he most common oncogenic/high-risk virus types worldwide and in the United States are Types 16, 18, 31, 45, and 52; 11% of invasive cervical cancers in the United States are caused by Types 16 and 18 (55% by Type 16 and 22% by type 18). HPV Types 31, 45, and 52 comprise another 8% of all cases.† Cervical cancer is usually not detected until it is quite advanced, which is why women should get screened for cervical cancer regularly. There is also another precaution women can take. The Food and Drug Administration approved the very first vaccine to prevent cervical cancer by the types of HPV that cause it in June of 2006 (Thomas, 2008). This vaccine, being new, and therein little is known about its long term effects, has caused ethical debates about the use of it, particularly in adolescent girls. Thomas (2008) mentions that the CDC recommended, by a unanimous vote, that girls aged 11 to 12 years old receive this new HPV vaccine. This may seem  young, but in order for the vaccine to be effective, it must be administered before a person has been exposed to HPV, which happens during sexual encounters. Since few girls are sexually active at this age, most of whom haven’t gone through puberty yet, this is an ideal age to have them be vaccinated (Thomas, 2008). Thomas (2008) also goes on to say that this vaccine has been administered to 11,000 girls around the world with no serious side effects. Their ages ranged from 9 to 26 years old. This vaccine is given by a series of three shots over the course of six months and it’s important that they get all three to be effective, since little is known about the effectiveness of people who only receive one or two (2008). But is it ethical for a girl as young as nine years old to be receiving such an invasive procedure in order to avoid a sexually transmitted disease? After all, what nine year old is even thinking about sex and STDs? That is why this issue is one that is left for the parents to decide, and opinions are unsurprisingly mixed. One of the main arguments against vaccinating young girls with the HPV vaccine is cost. Thomas (2008) lists the total cost of this vaccine, for all three shots, as around three hundred dollars, relatively inexpensive considering the detrimental consequences of contracting one of the types that are known to cause cancer. There is another issue to take into consideration, though, when accounting for the price of this vaccination; the effects for protection are only estimated to be four or five years (2008). If a young girl were to be vaccinated at nine years old, and again at ages twelve, sixteen, and twenty, you are looking at close to one thousand dollars in total. How are parents with poor health insurance coverage or none at all supposed to protect their daughters for this virus that can cause cervical cancer? A parent can also anticipate losing a day’s pay to take their child to the doctor’s office or the clinic on three different occasions to receive all three shots. Because of the cost, and the limited duration of effectiveness, a lot of women decide not to get vaccinated and not to vaccinate their daughters, hoping that a better, longer lasting, and less expensive alternative will â€Å"arrive on the pharmaceutical market† at some point in the near future (2008). Another popular argument against HPV vaccination is that some parents view it as a green light for their daughters to behave promiscuously (Thomas, 2008). Much like condom distribution at high schools, there are those that view HPV vaccination as another way to promote, and cause a rise in irresponsible sexual behavior (2008). Thomas (2008) goes on to describe a conservative political group called the Traditional Values Coalition and how they have publicly denounced the HPV vaccine and claim that genital warts, cervical cancer, etc. are not a national health concern, and â€Å"that HPV can be prevented through abstinence and marital fidelity.† This group attributes â€Å"monetary gain† by pharmaceutical companies as a motive for the mandate for HPV vaccination. Like most every ethical or moral dilemma going on in this country, this issue rests in the parents’ religious and personal beliefs. Studies have shown that despite abstinence programs, teenagers still engage in sex, proving that something as insignificant as a vaccine is not going to encourage kids to have sex—they are having it anyway. Thomas (2008) cited a study that showed that 90% of teens are using condoms when they engage in sexual intercourse, but condoms alone cannot protect you from HPV, making the vaccine all that more important for young girls to receive. If a parents cannot set aside their religious and personal beliefs long enough to acknowledge that this vaccine has the potential to save their daughter’s life, then they may require a lot more than just education. Each year 6.2 million new cases of HPV come about and currently, 20 million people in this country are infected with HPV. The vaccine that is available has the potential to save 70% of the people it would otherwise infect from cervical cancer in young women (Thomas, 2008). â€Å"In 2008, an estimated 11,070 women in the United States will be diagnosed with cervical cancer, and 3, 870 women will die from the disease† (Lockwood-Raverrmann &McIntyre, 2009). Lockwood-Raverrmann & McIntyre (2009) go on to explain that the prevalence of HPV in peaks in women in their early twenties, and also go on to say that even younger women, i.e. teenagers, are more susceptible to the virus. They describe one possible explanation for this is because in younger women, it â€Å"could be the changing histology of the cervix following the commencement of puberty.† They go to say that â€Å"during this period of time, large populations of cells are undergoing maturation and are more  suscep tible to the development of an HPV infection† (2009). With all of this statistical data, it is confusing to think that some little girl’s parent’s are prepared to deprive her of a vaccine that could potentially save her life should the opportunity arise and she chooses to have sex. Again, said girl wouldn’t even have to have vaginal intercourse to contract Type 16 HPV, which would years later cause cervical cancer in which she could quite realistically die from. It is a frustrating and infuriating thought—that this girl could die because of her parent’s ignorance and/or their undyin

A Critical Essay on Ideas About Asian Aesthetics

Asian aesthetics first surfaced in academic literature as a Figure 1 point of comparison for Western aesthetics, it was seen as the ‘other' and was used to define what is Western aesthetics by providing what is not. This attitude towards Asian aesthetics proved detrimental to understanding Asian art as they were taken out of context (e. G. Traditions, religion) and evaluated using Western standards.But that Inefficient way of examining an aspect of a deferent culture Is now considered Improper. In fact, recent studies and literature approaches Aslant aesthetics as a discussion all on its own ? that is, not alongside Western aesthetics and its standards. We now come down to the main purpose of this essay, which is to provide working definitions for Asian aesthetics and discuss them in depth.The central inquiry to be solved is â€Å"What is Asian aesthetics? â€Å"? with ‘Asian' encompassing the South, East, and Southeast Asian countries. Aesthetics, as Engineer (1961) pr esented, can be divided into aesthetic experience and aesthetic object. In simple terms, aesthetic experience is for ‘appreciation', as in the experience which comes from art appreciation, while aesthetic object is for the creation', as in the object perceived as having aesthetic value.These concepts are used subsequently as the basic structure of the discussion supporting the working Figure 2 definitions of Asian aesthetics to be presented. The first interpretation defines Asian aesthetics as ‘a philosophy of purpose and art†, purpose precedes art in the definition for it is purpose which drives Asian artists to produce works of art, and, in turn, these produced works of art serves another purpose for the prospective observer or user of the said art.An example is the Chinese tradition of landscape painting called Shank-Sushi Huh which literally translates to ‘Mountain Water Painting' (figure 1), where the artist sympathizes with the atmosphere nature emanate s ? he feels the spirit of the environment flowing from living nature and his inner nature responds to it in Figure 3 circularity' (Marching, 1992), and from there, the painting made will serve as a material for 4 deep thought or contemplation, completing the purpose-purpose cycle in Asian art. But what constitutes Asian art in the first place?When one refers to Asian art, he/ she often refers to the traditional art distinctly Asian, from Figure 4 which the components/essence of Asian art are/is derived from and used in Asian-inspired modern art (I. E. In print and media). It is important to note that objects in traditional Asian art are rarely appreciated as ‘art objects' in homeless as they are often appreciated for/with the purpose they serve. This claim is supported by Massed, Gonzalez, Swan, & Anisette's (2008) study which shows that Asian art is â€Å"predominantly context-inclusive† (p. 1260).This connotes that appreciating the art of Asian origin calls for an un derstanding of the context in which the object is made, and is to be used; it is not possible to understand an Asian art without context? for context is a characteristic attached to the artwork itself, removing it will result in an incomplete object, which when analyzed will yield either an incomplete interpretation at the very least, or an adverse en at worst. 5 Asian art is not fundamentally made for the sake of beauty; the purpose of the object appears to be the first consideration in most Asian artworks.Traditional Asian art, that is â€Å"artistic form and in a traditional medium† (Guillemot, 1998), object's purpose may range from spiritual/religious, to documenting life and habits of the people, to culture conservation (I. E. Preserving traditions, etc), up to functional Figure 6 tools for daily living. Of all the purposes, spiritual/religious purpose seems to be the most prevalent in Asian art. An example of art serving a spiritual/religious is the Indian sculptures of gods and goddesses (figure 2), which permeated even the realms of painting (figure 3), dance (figure 4), and even architecture (I. E. Temples, figure 5).The second purpose of means of reminding people of the great examples of virtue in the golden ages of the past† (Cambric, 1995). China, as an example, has records of tomb Figure 7 6 paintings which serves as documents of the ancient past (figure 6). On the other hand, art serving as culture conservation is seen on rituals and festivals, and with the tools used in them. These rituals and festivals may seem frivolous with the development of rational thinking, but nice it is part of the culture, the community still does Figure 8 them; often following all the necessary procedures Figure 9 handed down from the previous generations (e. G. He psychodrama or 16 honors ritual of Indian temples) and using classic ritual accessories (e. G. Purchasing dippier a wick of light kept/waved before the holy symbol of god, figure 7). Lastly, th e practical/functional purpose, which is the most underrated purpose of all since the artisans doing them does not necessarily know the aesthetic value of what they are doing (e. G. Malone, figure 8), and so is their proposed consumers (I. E. Their kin in the immunity); all they know is, they use those objects daily (especially in the olden times) that the 7 handiwork is often seen as a necessity and not as an artwork to be appreciated by itself.Second Asian aesthetic interpretation relates it to the sensitivity to the context of an art object†. Marching (1992) says, â€Å"†¦. For the Asiatic mind wonder is the beginning of a sensitivity to things, and sensitivity to things is the most comprehensive way to be in the world and to make the world be in oneself†. This idea of sensitivity to things is exhibited by both the artist and the observer, especially for the Chinese Shank-Sushi-Huh (figure 1) tradition. In the artist, it is rooted in their discipline of channeli ng nature into their work without representing it realistically or as is.An artist includes his/her own vision and interpretation of the subject into his/her Figure 9 work, while the observer's role is to use the produced art as a point of reflection which guides them in contemplating about the world, the cosmos, and the plane of the Divine. As Marching (1992) stated, â€Å"philosophy was, in other words, the doctrine which, thanks to reason†¦. Opens man's way to Heaven†, and since aesthetics is the ‘philosophy of art', it an be deduced that in one way or another, aesthetic experience opens a man's way to Figure 12 Heaven through the arts.This is especially true for the highly spiritual/religious way of life the Asians have. 8 The third, and last, definition is rooted in the Asian appreciation for the beauty of the unrefined ? â€Å"Asian aesthetics is concerned with nature†. It deals with respecting, being inspired by, mimicking, and embodying nature in art . One fitting example for unrefined beauty is the Japanese aesthetic of WBI-Saba (means ‘rustic beauty and ‘desolate beauty), which celebrates the imperfection of things (e. . Mended ceramics, figure 9).Another example is the constant nature theme presented in Japanese paintings (figure 10) and Chinese paintings (figure 11). Asian art also uses natural medium (e. G. Rice paper, animal-hair brushes used for Chinese painting and calligraphy, figure 12). This high regard for nature arises from the spiritual/religious purpose discussed earlier in the first definition; Asians believe in the interconnectivity of things, from the Divine, to the cosmos, to the plane of man. They Divine, either in presence of things or in the absence of it (I. E. Void/nothingness). This life is also embedded in the Chinese concept of yin and yang (figure 13).In conclusion, the combination of all the three Figure 10 definitions discussed throughout the essay substantially represents everything abo ut Asian aesthetics? â€Å"Asian aesthetics is a philosophy of purpose and art, mainly serving to aid the artist's and observer's sensitivity to the context of the object rather than the object itself. It is concerned with the interconnectedness of all beings to the cosmos and the Divine†. Notes: Aesthetics is originally a concept produced by Western philosophy. Cited from Raja Dishwasher's Sphinxes in Indian Art and Tradition (2009). References Cambric, E. (1995).

My Ideal Teacher Essay

In my college thise are many teachiss. Each one teaches us different subjects. Although all of them are fairly good, thise is one teachis whom I love and admire the most. his name is MR. ali. he is the most pleasing personality that I have ever come across. he is an ideal teachis. he has all those qualities which a good teachis is expected to have. Mrs. Ali is a science teachis. he loves the subject that he teaches and has an in-depth knowledge of it too. he teaches science almost as though it were a hobby class. he does not adopt the old methods of teaching. In fact we even forget at times that he is teaching us from our text books. Science comes alive in MR. ali’s class. When he teaches, no one talks about anything but the topic that he discusses. he has the ability to draw out attention to the subject and also to sustain it. he conducts various experiments in the class and demonstrates them thus making it much easier for us to understand what he teaches. he does not merely read from the book but gives us a concrete picture of everything, so that we see them before us. Although his subject is science, MR. ali has a good knowledge of othis subjects also. he is well versed with all the current affairs of the world and he often links what we are studying to something that may have been taught somewhise else in the world. he encourages us to ask questions so that we may be able to understand the subject well. he never loses patience with those students who take long to grasp the subject. MR. ali gives personal attention to all the students. If, by chance, any student tries to play the fool in his class, he is firm and does not allow that to happen. he is a great combination of kindness and strictness. he encourages the students to ask each othis and his anything with regard to the subject so that a healthy discussion generates new ideas and increases our curiosity about the subject.- he is very popular, but he is not conceited. he is courteous to his colleagues and the principal of the college. I have never seen his frown or lose his temper. he remains calm even when thise is a crisis of any kind. he makes me love going to college. I always look forward to my science period. he is an ideal teachis and provides the students with a good role model. I love his the most and hope to be like his one day

Corporate Financial Reporting and Taxation Essay

Corporate Financial Reporting and Taxation - Essay Example The year 2012 has been marked the company’s growth in the value of net assets. This, therefore, essay covers analysis of the company’s financial statements for the year 2012, risk of a possible corporate failure and the importance of the objectivity and integrity in the preparation of the financial statements (Financial Statement: the IP group, pp. 1-9). Return on capital employed (ROCE) – capital employed is total assets – current liabilities. Therefore, return on capital employed ratio indicates the return generated by every pound invested as capital employed. Concerning the IP group, the ROCE for the year was 15.5%. The interpretation of the ratio goes that in 2012, 15.5% of the company’s net profit was generated by the company’s capital employed. This ratio can also be used by investors to determine the required rate of return on investments. Generally, a lower return on capital employed than the cost of capital is not preferable to investors (Duncan Hughes, Asset management in theory and practice, pp. 42-44). Net profit margin – the ratio indicates a company’s financial health after meeting the cost of sales and the operating expenses. It also indicates the company’s ability to pay for future operating costs. Concerning the IP group, the ratio for 2012 was 77.5%. This means that in the year 2012, 77.5% % of the total revenue were net profit, whereas, the remaining 22.5% of sales were consumed by the company’s operating costs. From this analysis, it can be concluded that the level of operational efficiency for IP group was high due to the effective cost management strategy. (Sarngadharan M. & Kumar R. S. Financial analysis for management decisions, pp. 121-135). Net profit margin before tax – this ratio shows how well a company manages its operating expenses. The higher the ratio, the lower the operating expenses of a company. The opposite is true.

Reduction Plan on Vehicle Emission in Rural Areas Term Paper

Reduction Plan on Vehicle Emission in Rural Areas - Term Paper Example The way of doing business in almost all of the industries has experienced major shifts. The effects of globalization have made the world a smaller place to live in as the citizens today have a much wider reach. The effects of globalization have literally written-off the geographical borders of the national as well as international boundaries. Such factors have invariably increased competition. On the one hand, it is true that the competition has proved beneficial for the customers as it has reduced the price and time lag but on the other hand, globalization also has many ill-effects as it increases use of machines and equipment as well as vehicles. Such increase invariably has positive contributions toward the greatest challenge of the present world like global warming. The increased purchasing power of the people contributes toward the higher standard of living. Such standards call for greater use of vehicles. And there is no doubt that the United States is one of the most developed nations of the world. Such greater usage of vehicles is not only affecting the busy city and the urban areas but also the rural counterparts of the country. Located in the mid-western region of the United States of America, Iowa is no doubt one of the prominent states of the country. As per the census of the United States, the state mostly comprises of the urban population with the figure of more than 60% as of 2000. Also, the growth in the urban population is more as it has grown by around 8% in the period between 2000 to 2008 (Iowa Data Center, n.d.). It is often perceived that the state of Iowa that is located at the heartland of the United States has agriculture as one of the major occupations for its citizens but the fact is that the main sources of occupation include manufacturing, finance, biotechnology, and government services. It can be said that the state of Iowa has a diversified economy.  

A Solution in Search of a Problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Solution in Search of a Problem - Assignment Example The essay will show the differences occurring in the affirmative plan and how they have come about. The purpose of affirmative action is very different from what it is assumed to be. It does not aim to merge varying groups of people in educational institutes and places of work just to create a mixed group. Instead the affirmative action program is set to reduce discrimination and increase the economy of the region. This allows the region to prosper as groups which have been previously marginalized are given an equal standing. This can be applicable not only to various ethnicities but also gender. Women and African Americans are particularly affected by prejudice. If given the right kind of education and professional background, these groups can succeed, socially and economically, enormously. Thus there are two types of concepts working to create equality. Equal employment opportunity law works to get rights of work for all. The affirmative action policy removes social obstacles facing these groups. Thus, while one works to improve the economy, the second ensures that the group has social mobility. The first factor that has molded affirmative action is the target population. The number of members giving their public opinion has been lessened with variations in their race. Courts have made the decision that race and population are vital components for reaching a policy on affirmative action. Thus, it is vital to have a group that is conscious of race before reaching a decision on any affirmative action. Yet, with a change in attitude, the number of opportunities given to blacks and women in the affirmative action plan has been reduced greatly. Instead, greater concentration is paid to those who have suffered economic problems. Thus a smaller group is now considered for this plan. Another aspect of reducing the rates of discrimination is by making the process of reduction in schools and other public institutes, open to scrutiny. Because hiring and pay are not open to the public which can lead to unintentional inequity. The affirmative action plan aims to keep policies of wage, employment and promotions open to examination. But it also distributes opportunity, income and status which can be considerably harmful in its move to achieve equality. Affirmative action poses to redistribute the wealth paid in by tax payers to those who need it. This creates challenges by those who do not agree with this distribution of wealth. Thus, this policy needs to explain not only where the money goes but also where how the decisions of this distribution are made. Personal details of the individual are observed to find employment. This means that an individual needs to interact with fellow members of society. These networks help ensure that the individual is given a balanced redistribution according to their needs. This aspect assists in discrimination according to race and gender being removed because of the communication between the different groups. Class is seen as an essential component to better understand the affirmative action plan. It is seen as a tool to which the problems of race can be better understood. Yet, this is

Blow the Whistle Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Blow the Whistle - Case Study Example ii. The employee of Manly Construction Company should be aware that their life is more important than the job opportunity they have. Therefore, they should make hast quit if their health/welfare related grievances cannot be addressed by the company.ii. The employee of Manly Construction Company should be aware that their life is more important than the job opportunity they have. Therefore, they should make hast quit if their health/welfare related grievances cannot be addressed by the company.iii. Even if not disturbed, the cyclic circulation of air is able to blow up certain fibers into the air and still be breathed in by the surrounding individuals.iv. The President is an escapist when he does a memo instructing people not to disturb (move) any boxes or perform any activities that could damage the asbestos or release fibers into the air yet there was still impacts felt.   The wrongs are misleading pieces of information relayed to the people. In this case: i. Employees of Manly Construction Company are threatened with losing their job positions by the management should any information about the existence of this hazardous asbestos be released to the public for any mater. The employees should be offered with suitable work environments for effectiveness.Besides, no threats should be issued to any employees who are seeking his or her rights within the work area.This is considered unethical because it is a command that kills. All those who shall have reported as stipulated in the memo, though their workplaces are proved dangerous, will be risking contracting cancer of the lungs. Conflict  is a state of disharmony that may be between incompatible or opposing persons, ideas, or interests in a particular issue or topic.Blow the whistle case study revealed a number of conflicting issues that had little or no practicality in them. Among the ideologies, instructions, words and statements identified as contradicting in the concept of ethical expectations include:  i. While the President’s memo denotes the risks of disturbing any boxes by moving or performing any activities that could damage the asbestos or release fibers into the air,   the county gives Manly Construction Company up to a period of seventeen days to clean up the fallen asbestos fibers in the vaults.

'Is chocolate a food or a drug' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

'Is chocolate a food or a drug' - Essay Example Chocolate has been a popular and revered flavor for many past civilizations, chocolate residue have been found in pottery dating to 1100 BC from Honduras, and 600-400 BC from Belize. Till date chocolate is one of the most popular flavors in the world and chocolate lovers known as "chocoholics" are ready to swear by its pleasurable and medicinal effects. The Mayan civilization worshipped the Cacao Tree for they believed it was divine in origin. The Mayans called the fruit of the cacao tree "food of the gods† and also associated it with the god of fertility. The Aztecs also considered the cocoa tree a gift from the god of wisdom and knowledge. They considered chocolate to be an aphrodisiac as it invigorated men and made women less inhibited, the Aztec emperor Monteczuma is said to have drank fifty golden goblets of chocolate a day in order to enhance his sexual ability (Thames & Hudson, 2000) Chocolate was an important luxury good throughout pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, and cacao beans were often used as currency. Today chocolate takes the form of a substance of powder or a block composing of raw and processed food from roasted and crushed cacao seeds found from the tropical cacao tree. Chocolate has a unique appeal of sugar, texture, flavor, sweetness and aroma, making it the most common ingredient for confectionary sweet food as well as flavoring. There are three varieties of chocolate available, chocolate coated or made of dark chocolate, milk chocolate and white chocolate (Hornby 1989). Dark chocolate contains a mild content of cocoa butter and a fat that naturally occurs in cocoa beans. These beans are made up of 34% of stearic acid, 24% of oleic acid, 25% of palmitic acid and 7% of other fatty acids (Roth 2007). Milk chocolate contains two times the amount of antioxidants where as dark chocolate contains five times the amount of antioxidants (Moss 2002). While white chocolate only contain the texture and sweetness (Hemmelgarn 2006). Dark

Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Land law - Essay Example e disputes are likely to occur when the forms are incomplete or absent, as was the case in TSB Bank Plc v Botham.3 This aspect was also applied in the Taylor case, where it was held that the time for assessing whether an item is a fixture or chattel is at the time of contracting, otherwise it could amount to concealment. Therefore, a great deal will depend upon the contents of the mortgage contract Freddy has with Lords Bank and whether or not it has been specified that certain items will not be considered fixtures for purposes of the contract. When the question concerns the determination of whether or not an item belongs to a house, then it must be such that it becomes a part of the land itself. The case of Elitestone Ltd v Morris4 demonstrates this principle. In this case, the property in question was a house that had been prefabricated and stood on cement pillars so it was viewed as personal property (chattel) by the Court of Appeal. However, when the case went to the House of Lords, it was held that a removal of the building would have entailed its destruction, therefore the building was a part of the land itself and could not be removed. However, in the case of Chelsea Yacht and Boat Club v Pope5 , a house on a barge that was attached at the side through gas and electricity cables, was not deemed to be a part of the land, but was considered personal property that could be removed. Therefore, when the position on fixtures/fittings has not been clearly specified in the contract, the most important aspect in the determination of whether an item is removable or not will depend upon the extent to which it is considered to be a part of the property itself. Applying this distinction therefore, items which become a part of the house will be considered to be fixtures and will not be removable. However, items which do not become part of the house but are removable will be considered fittings and they can be removed. For example, in the case of Berkeley v Poulett6

Common Sense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Common Sense - Essay Example This is so primarily in the order of Paine’s way with his philosophies that were written down based upon the prevailing cause for the American Revolution especially one that was justified by the burdening economic policies of Britain. Apparent grievances which comprised such propaganda were quite compatible with the real protest toward the British authorities who only wanted to make as much money out of the New World to add to their home treasury and finance British wars in Europe so they restricted trade and raised taxes against the desires of the native Americans. Similarly, the fateful Stamp Act of 1765 which required tax stamps on all publications, commercial bills, legal documents, and public papers heightened the anguish of the American people. Paine managed further to incite an amount subtle indignation on adding via Common Sense: â€Å"I am not induced by motives of pride, party, or resentment to espouse the doctrine of separation and independence; I am clearly, positively, and conscientiously persuaded that it is the true interest of this continent to be so..†. Through â€Å"Common Sense†, Paine brought up sensitive points regarding the origin and design of the government in general with concise remarks on the English Constitution as well as its association to the monarchical government and hereditary succession. Then a complete balance of discourse is set upon the accounts pertaining to insights on the prevailing ability and state of American affairs including reflections thereof during that age. Knowing the people’s heart and thought toward the delicate matter of protest concerning independence, his writings and approach to reasoning were carried out in a style which aligned exactly with their level of understanding and common manner with voice and speech. Moreover, Paine was found to have patterned â€Å"Common Sense† after the structure of sermon, heavily based on the Holy Scriptures which the traditional American people could readily

Primary education- reflective practioner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Primary education- reflective practioner - Essay Example Action research, otherwise known as participatory research, collective inquiry, emancipatory research, action learning, contextual action research, depending on the theme (O’Brien, 1998), is an â€Å"inquiry or research in the context of focused efforts to improve the quality of an organization and its performance† (North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, n.d.). Unlike ordinary research, the members of the said institution who design and conduct action research are also part of the study themselves. They find ways to develop how things are done in their fields. The process of action research which consists of four steps which are planning, acting, observing and reflecting, as presented by Stephen Kemmis (cited in O’Brein, 1998), makes it very useful in developing methods and materials in schools as it presents new ideas and options to teachers. It allows them to evaluate outcomes of their teaching strategies and lay these down to fellow mentors to lessen drawbacks among their students. Through this, further possible needed changes and amendments in the institution’s educational programs and syllabus can be carried out. In problems previously and presently experienced in the â€Å"real world,† disputes between the â€Å"insider-outsider researchers† continue. Academicians debate about the pros and cons of one over the other and vice-versa. Issues regarding sensitivity to the problem, presumptions and assumptions, and objectivity are pointed out by the opposing bodies. Researches conducted by â€Å"outsiders,† or those not actually a part of the studied group, are said to merely â€Å"add to the knowledge in the field and to publish in peer-reviewed scholarly journals† instead of giving precise aid to the group being assessed (Collet, 2008). To add to the complications pointed out about â€Å"insider-outsider researchers,† Bridges (2001 cited in Collet, 2008) perceives that even if the individual is dubbed to be an â€Å"insider,† by being a researcher, he

Huck Finn in Education Essay Example for Free

Huck Finn in Education Essay For education to serve its purpose of helping students develop an understanding of themselves and the world around them, it must provide uncensored information and ideas. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn undoubtedly supports that goal of education. The classic novel discusses issues regarding society’s greed and cowardice through a young boy’s, Huck Finn, perspective. Huck Finn is born into the American, white south during the mid 1800s when slavery and racism towards blacks was the norm. He is influenced by his surroundings to believe that slavery is right. The â€Å"civilized† adults dictate to him the nature of blacks as property. However, as a rebellious adolescent, Huck runs away from his home and journeys down the Mississippi river with a black slave named Jim. Across this adventure, Huck develops a different set of morals from his culture and slowly comes to view Jim as a person and a friend. America’s past white, southern culture is a testament to the gruesome reality of society’s ability to institutionalize its selfish nature. Mark Twain emphasizes in a genuine manner the ignorance of America’s slave-holding past and the importance of questioning the morals of society and as such, the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is worthy of belonging in compulsory education. Unlike many other novels, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn delivers an unromanticized depiction of the racist, white south and slavery in the early part of American history. As seen through his characters, Mark Twain is not afraid to show the true nature of racism present in the 1800s. One of the most unsympathetic characters in the book is Pap, Huck Finn’s drunkard and abusive father. Pap’s dialogue contains the image of the thoughts of the average racist southern man in America during that era. In one instance, Pap says: Oh, yes, this is a wonderful govment, wonderful. Why, looky here. There was a free nigger there from Ohio – a mulatter, most as white as a white man. He had the whitest shirt on you ever see, too, and the shiniest hat; and there aint a man in that town thats got as fine clothes as what he had; and he had a gold watch and chain, and a silver-headed cane – the awful- est old gray-headed nabob in the State. And what do you think? They said he was a pfessor in a college, and could talk all kinds of languages, and knowed everything. And that aint the wust. They said he could VOTE when he was at home. Well, that let me out. Thinks I, what is the country a-coming to?†(35) Pap’s words clearly show the hatred he has towards blacks and his belief of white supremacy. He finds the idea of a black man, even a half black man, having the right to vote, a stable job, and an education, absolutely repulsive. This prejudicial perspective of Africa Americans was as common as the modern belief that slavery is wrong. In fact, though slavery in the United States was abolished after the Civil War, the intrinsic racism in America would not be truly called to question until the mid to late 1900s, more than a century later. The inability of white Americans to come to terms with black rights is a portrayal of the wrongs of society. Society is not perfect and young members of society should understand that in order to later on change society for the better. Education in America should provide insight to the hardships of African Americans, and the struggle of Jim living in a society filled with minds like Pap exemplifies the struggle and history of Black Americans. Furthermore, in Pap’s statement is the word â€Å"nigger†. Throughout the entire novel, Mark Twain controversially used the derogatory term over 200 times. Many feel that the use of â€Å"nigger† causes the book to be unacceptable in compulsory education. However, a more accurate view would be that the word â€Å"nigger† is not used in the novel for the purpose of demeaning blacks; rather the word is used to make the story accurate to the time. Words get their meaning from the intent of the speaker. Twain’s intent was not for the word to criticize blacks as it is well known that Mark Twain was an advocate against slavery and racism. He used the word because back in the 1800s, the normal word for slaves was â€Å"nigger†. By using the word, Twain painted a realistic picture of the southern culture of America. Although other books exist that discuss the nature of slavery without the term, for example, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, books like Uncle Tom’s Cabin are not as effective of delivering a view of the past. In Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the slave Uncle Tom is unrealistic for a slave of the time period. He speaks in an educated manner, and his obsession with religion turns him into an allegorical religious figure. Uncle Tom’s characterization takes away from the true battle of slavery in the south. On the other hand, Jim in Huck Finn is characterized more realistically. He speaks in a lower class way, and his journey with Huck for freedom depicts slavery and racism in that era. The book does not hide the sad truth of bigotry and the dehumanization of African Americans. Instead the book highlights it and educates students the history of American slavery. Moreover, the character of Huck Finn goes through a journey that expresses the important idea of an individual going against society’s rules to act on an unhindered set of morals in order to do what is right and good. Young teens often end up conforming to society in order to fit in. This conformity creates a loss of new and innovative ideas. Twain poses an important lesson of individuality and questioning society. Huck Finn is a boy living in a world where all his adult guides would tell him that befriending a black man and helping free a slave would be completely immoral. Born in such a culture, Huck accepts the view as the truth. Black people are bad. His conformity can be seen when he says: â€Å"Conscience says to me What had poor Miss Watson done to you, that you could see her nigger go off right under your eyes and never say one single word? What did that poor old woman do to you, that you could treat her so mean? I got to feeling so mean and so miserable I most wished I was dead (91). Instead of pitying Jim’s status as a slave, Huck pities Miss Watson for losing a slave. This illustrates slavery’s prominence and integration into society, along with Huck’s own ignorance and inability to shake off society’s influence. Society’s strong grasp on Huck is similar to modern pop culture’s grasp on teens. Every day, the media bombards the youth of America images of what is right and wrong. Sometimes society gives off the wrong message. For example, the attitude towards rape in America is society being wrong and the youth following the rape culture without questioning. Students should learn from this novel to stand up for their conscience as Huck does as the story progresses. Through involvement with Jim, Huck discovers Jim’s humanity. This discovery of blacks being human just like whites leads Huck to a higher moral understanding. Huck writes: â€Å"It was a close place. I took . . . up [the letter I’d written to Miss Watson], and held it in my hand. I was a-trembling, because I’d got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: â€Å"All right then, I’ll go to hell†Ã¢â‚¬â€and tore it up. It was awful thoughts and awful words, but they was said. And I let them stay said; and never thought no more about reforming†(207). When Huck tears the letter up, he is actively going against society and the white southern culture. This change is a depiction of not only the message of fighting society’s corruption, but also of Twain writing his opposition to slavery and racism. He calls out from his narrative for people to strip away their cultural influences. The influence of society can be harmful and slavery is a prime example. The whole of the south fought to uphold slavery, when today, the thought of legal slavery in the US is unthinkable. Mark Twain’s novel educates people to stand up for freedom from societal influences. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a classic American piece of literature that should be part of compulsory education. The book contains a strong message and a realistic portrait of the time era. Mark Twain does not cover up information. He narrates it in a compelling story. Students learn from this novel the flaws of society and the importance of questioning ideas through a young boy and slaves’ adventure away from slavery and societal rules.